Saturday, March 10, 2012

Story of Sādhana Kosai

Story of Sādhana Kosai

There was a great pure devotee named Sādhana Kosai, he was a butcher. Lord Krsna has said; naham vasami vaikunthe yoginam hridayena ca mad bhakta gayanti tata distamina nārada.

Neither I live in Vaikuṇṭha, nor do I live in the heart of the yogis, but where my devotees sing my glories, where they do harinama sankirtan, there I come and take my seat.

In the story of this pure devotee, Sādhana Kosai, even though he was cutting the meat, he was always engaged in singing the glories of the Lord. He would not directly harm the animal, he would only cut the meat that was brought from the outside and he would sell it. This profession came to him through his family line, from generation to generation, so he inherited this work. He was not interested in this style of living. When he was doing this, he had a shaligram, his black idol, which he had received, from somewhere. He did not know that this was God, he used to take it and weight the meat. If someone wanted one kilo of meat then the shaligram would weigh one kilo, and when some would say “Give me two kilos of meat”, it would become a two kilo shaligramji. He was thinking that this was a very good arrangement for weighing the meat.

One day a saint, a Vaiṣṇava, came and saw him and thought “Oh he is using the shaligram as a weight, how could he be so mean, doing like this?” He scolded and chastised him he said “Give me this sila, this is God” He took from Sādhana and then began his own puja to the sila and remarked “God this person is a madman, he was using You to weigh meat”. He then began to purify and clean the shaligram with ‘pancamrita’, honey, milk, yogurt, ghee, and water. He offered fragrant oils to the shaligram. However, when he slept Lord Kṛṣṇa came to him in a dream and said “Oh I am not pleased with this service, you should give Me back to my devotee Sādhana Kosai. When he uses Me as a weight for the meat, he sings My glories. He does harinama sankirtana, and you, you do not do any harinama sankirtan or sing My glories. I am very pleased with him, for he always is absorbed in the kirtan sevas. Therefore take Me away and give Me back to Sādhana”. The saint asked “Where do you generally reside then?” The Lord then said “I do not live in Vaikuṇṭha, nor do I live in the hearts of yogis, only I am where my devotees sing my glories and chant harinama sankirtan, there is where I am seated.”

In the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, the glories of the gopis are described, how they were such pure devotees, even in their outward life they used to wander in the forest, they did not have ‘civilized behaviour’, nor knowledge of the scriptures, but their emotional feeling, their heart was filled with love, and because of that they had purchased the Lord. It is said that any foolish man if he does not do the bhajan of God, if he prays to God, even though his Kṛṣṇa consciousness has limited realization, that within his heart if there is some emotional feeling, then that gives him complete benefit. ‘Bhava shakti’, only his pure devotion, the pure feelings of his heart, takes him up to the highest position. If somebody drinks nectar in anger, even though in the wrong consciousness, it still makes him immortal, he benefits, in the same way if any foolish person does bhajan of God, he becomes purified and will reach the supreme destination.

Kṛṣṇa wants only pure emotion. He does not want anything that is empty, like money or anything material. He just wants pure love. [This bhajan that baba is singing, the great saint Surya das has sung. Here he says that in this world the highest thing is the love of God, love of Krsna. In Hindi it is said ‘savyaseya uchi prema gaya’, love of God is the highest thing in this world, in the universe, love of Krsna]. Love of Kṛṣṇa is the highest thing; it is the relationship between God and His devotee.

Suryaji gives the example that during the Mahabharata time, Dhritarastra was a great king, the Kauravas, and the sons of Dhritarastra, headed by Duryodhana invited Sri Kṛṣṇa for a feast. Duryodhana implored, “Please come”, but Kṛṣṇa did not accept this invitation, but He went to Vidura. Vidura was the brother of Dhritarastra, and he belonged to a lower caste, but Kṛṣṇa went to his place with out any invitation. By this Kṛṣṇa showed that “I am only attracted by the love of heart. I don’t like such great things as feasts and mundane opulences”. Duryodhana had arranged for so many delicious preparations, 56 kinds of eatables, ButKṛṣṇa did not accept the invitation and Viduraji had not even planned for the Lord to come to his house, but the Lord came because he had so much love for Kṛṣṇa. Kṛṣṇa went there and He ate a very common type of vegetable, so simple, but He accepted it because it was offered in great love.

In the same way, in the time of Lord Rāma, there was a great devotee whose name was Śabari. When Lord Rāma went into the forest, there were so many great rishis, they were all doing tapasya for millions of years, not eating anything, and Lord Rama did not go to them, but He went to Śabari’s kuti because she had such love for Him. The pure devotee does not go to rich persons, loves poor persons, and does not mix with the wealthy persons. He likes poor persons who have no money. The pure devotee loves them. If a sadhu has the pressure of material wealth, he thinks “Oh this man has such wealth, I should go to him, I should do something for him”, if he has favour for any wealthy person, he is not a pure devotee, he is not a true sadhu. If he has some interest, because somebody has some wealth like money, then he is not a bonefide sadhu, not a pure devotee, Śabari on the other hand was such a pure devotee. The ṛṣis munis had boycotted her because she had belonged to the lowest caste. Her spiritual master Mattan, a great ṛṣi, had accepted her, and they had also rejected him because he had allowed her to stay in his ashram, they said “This ṛṣi has accepted such a low class woman in his ashram”, the women also avoided Mattan ṛṣi, but Mattan ṛṣi did not care for those persons. Because Śabari was a pure devotee, he accepted and gave her shelter in his ashram.

When Lord Rāma came to the forest where Śabari used to live, He did not go to these ṛṣis but went directly to the kuti ofŚabari. When He arrived Śabari, in her love, saw that Lord Rāma had come; she then provided so many plums, ‘bera’. She was so absorbed in her Lord Rāma, she just tasted the plum to find out whether it is presentable to Lord Rāma, then she said “Yes this is very sweet”, and just gave it to the Lord saying “Please eat this it is very sweet”. She had no knowledge that we should not offer something that has been eaten by us, but she had such love for Lord Rāma and was not aware of any etiquette how to properly feed Him. She was just thinking “Such a sweet fruit should be given to Lord Rāma”, so she tasted, and then she exclaimed “Oh Lord Rāma you should eat this”. Lord Rāma was filled with so much love for her and He said “Oh give Me, give Me; hmmnn this is very sweet, very sweet”.

There was a pure devotee name Sena, he was a barber of the king, and one day he was supposed to go to massage the king, but that day so many saints came to his house and he forgot about his service to the king. Kṛṣṇa then took the form of Sena and He went to the king and Kṛṣṇa Himself massaged the king. Then Sena remembered his duty and thought “Alas what will the king think, what will he say to me?” He went to the king, and the raja said “Sena you have already come here, why have you come again?” and Sena exclaimed “No I did not come here” The king replied “No you were just here”. Then he understood; Lord Kṛṣṇahad come disguised to serve the king.

In the Mahabharata, Yudhisthira arranged a very great yajña, the rājasūya yajna. In that year there were so many ṛṣi munis, and many great kings had come that year. There was so many services for everybody and Lord Kṛṣṇa took the service of cleaning and collecting many bad things, when people used to eat their food, they used to throw the plates about and Sri Kṛṣṇa used to collect that refuse in a basket and throw outside. Lord Sri Kṛṣṇa took up this humble service.

Similarly, Lord Kṛṣṇa took the service of driving the chariot of Arjuna. In a chariot the driver sits in the lower part and the warrior sits on the upper side. Arjuna was above Lord Kṛṣṇa, as He drove, doing the lowest kind of service for His devotee. Why? It was because Arjuna had full devotion for Kṛṣṇa. This is why Kṛṣṇa had accepted this seva. Now Surya das says in this bhajan “Because of the love of Arjuna, Kṛṣṇa drove his chariot” Kṛṣṇa forgot that “I am the Lord and master of this universe, and that I am all powerful”. It was this Supreme Lord, Who drove the chariot of Arjuna in the Mahabharata. This is why Suryadasji said, “That love of Sri Kṛṣṇa is the greatest thing of this world. Because of this love Kṛṣṇa forgets all of His superiority”.

Suryadasji says that when Kṛṣṇa was in Brajabhumi, that because of the love of the gopis, Kṛṣṇa reciprocated and teased the gopis all the time. Kṛṣṇa was dancing before the gopis like a toy puppet. Whatever the gopis would ask of Him, Kṛṣṇa would just do. The gopis were making Kṛṣṇa dance and dance. When Kṛṣṇa was very little, He would say “Give Me butter” and the gopis would respond “No no we will only give you some chach(buttermilk) after you come dance for us”. So Kṛṣṇa would dance and the gopis would give Him this chach. Kṛṣṇa is all-powerful and his true greatness is shown, when the pure love of His devotee defeats Him, all His powers are defeated by this loving power. Great ṛṣis and yogis meditate on Kṛṣṇa for millions of years, but they could not see Kṛṣṇa. But the gopi girls of Brajabhumi made Kṛṣṇa dance before them. They were saying “Kṛṣṇa you should dance then we will give you some chach” and He would dance for them for just a little amount of chach, just a small handful. They were saying in a greedy way “Dear Kṛṣṇa you dance and then we will give you chach” Part of a bhajan by the Brajabāsīs, the gopis say to Him “We will give you a toy, but you should sing Radhe Radhe in your flute”. In this bhajan it is said; kṛṣṇa khilauna de doongi muraliya me Radhe Radhe gaana the gopis say, “Krsna we will give a very good toy but you should sing Rādhe Rādhe in your flute”.

In Braja the Brajabāsīs used to address Kṛṣṇa by His fathers name ‘Nandaki’, “Oh son of Nanda”. Outside of Brajabhumi, they would address Kṛṣṇa as “Oh God, oh my master, oh Lord”, but in Braja they would simply address Krsna as “Oh Nandaki, oh son of Nanda do this, oh son of Nanda do that”. In the love of the Brajabāsīs, there was no out ward formalities. In the outer world when someone shows love that is full of formalities, but in natural, pure love there are no formalities. The Brajabāsīs addressed Kṛṣṇa in a very simple way, as a simple boy, this is pure love. Gopis were also saying “We will give you some butter and sugarcane candy, but you should sing Rādhe Rādhe on your flute. We will give you butter and candy, but you should take us in your dance and you should join with us in your dance. We will also dance with you”.

In Śrī Ji temple, there was a Gosvāmī who used to sing this bhajan “We will give you some butter and sugar candy, but first you should dance in my house. Please come dance with us in my house” The gopis say this to Kṛṣṇa. “Oh son of Nanda we will give you some toy but first say Rādhe Rādhe on your flute” I have learned this bhajan from that Gosvāmī at Śrī Ji temple, a very oldGosvāmī, a long time ago. A gopi said that “I am going to sell my cart in Vrindaban and we should meet there by the passage along the road near the kadamba tree, we should meet under that kadamba tree there and then I will go sell my cart in Vrindaban”(refrain).

A great pure devotee composed this bhajan, his name was Jati Sakhī , he was in sakhī bhāva. He said “I am surrendered to you Krsna and will give you some toy but first you should sing Rādhe Rādhe on your flute”.

This is the power of emotion that makes Kṛṣṇa dance like a toy, therefore in the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, Sukadeva Gosvāmī uses very harsh words, the gopis were living in the forest and there their out ward actions were not very civilized. They were not taking bath all the time, they had no etiquette of spiritual things. As this bhajan describes the gopis as such, even today such things are taking place in the Braja villages, as we go on yatra, one can see how the gopis are very uncivilized(laughter), when we would enter a village from the outside we can see stool here and there, where the gopis would pass stool on the road(laughter). It was said by Sukadeva Gosvāmī that the gopis did not have any etiquette behavior. They had no sense of keeping the body clean, but their heart was filled with love of Kṛṣṇa, so Kṛṣṇa became their servant.

I used to go for madhukari biksa getting roti in a Braja house, there was this one gopi, she was with her baby and she was cleaning herself after passing stool. When I went I said “ Meya Radhey Syama give me some rhoti” She said “Take baba, take baba, take this roti” and immediately she gave without cleaning her hand. The gopis do not know that monthly blood falls from their body, but they do not know that this is bad, they continue to do things not caring for any bodily purification.

There were these great pure devotee ṛṣi munis, so many of them, they were doing a big fire sacrifice and they were glorifying and appreciating Kṛṣṇa, quoting from the Vedas and they were saying “Come Kṛṣṇa come”, quoting so many sanskrit verses and they had a pot of sacrifice made of gold and they are calling Kṛṣṇa “Please come”. But Kṛṣṇa did not go there to such a sacrifice. He will not go to the great ṛṣi munis, but would go to the gopis and say ”Give me some butter” when the gopis say to Kṛṣṇa “You just wander here and there, stay here and do some work and then we will give you some butter”. And then they would not talk with him, so Kṛṣṇa would go to the cows and then talk with the calves and say “Oh calf your mother feeds you milk?” Then the calf says “Ooah yes”...

There are so many great ṛṣis calling Kṛṣṇa saying “That you should come to the fire sacrifice yajña”, but He did not go there. There are so many wise and intelligent persons but Kṛṣṇa did not go, He does not even become their master. But before the gopis in Braja, he became their servant. He rendered basic services to them. They say, “Do this” and He engaged in such low services, but he would not even become the master of the great ṛṣis munis.

(bhajan)…This is a bhajan of the Brajabāsīs and here the gopis were working, there was the stool of cow, that is called ‘govar’ so when they were collecting in a very big pot and one gopi said “Oh Kṛṣṇa you should place this pot on my head” Kṛṣṇa used to come and place the pot on the head of the gopi. Because this pot was very heavy she kept asking “You should place it on my head”. So Kṛṣṇa was doing this service.

This is pure love and emotion, pure bhāva, that the Lord of the universe was doing such a menial service in Braja. Surya dasji says “The love of the gopis increased so much that they made Kṛṣṇa dance in this Brajabhumi, He would just dance before them. The biggest concern in this world is love of Kṛṣṇa”. In the last stanza he says “In my heart there is no love for Kṛṣṇa, oh I am very cruel, my heart is not full of love for Kṛṣṇa, my heart is full of cruelty. How can I glorify the beauty of this pure love, the topmost thing in this universe is love of Kṛṣṇa”.

[Now baba is refering to the story of the pure devotee Sādhana Kosai]

So God said to that sadhu “You should take me to Sādhana Kosai, you should give Me to him” The Lord was in the form of the idol of shaligram and came in a dream and said “You should bring Me back there”. The sadhu said “Oh what happiness do you have in such a bad place, he is using you to sell meat, what delight do you get there.” The Lord said “His heart is filled with love, he is singing My glories so I take pleasure there”. The sadhu replied “But there are so very bad things there because he is selling meat, it is a very mean place” But despite the external situation, his heart was filled with love for Kṛṣṇa, so Kṛṣṇa was very pleased there.

Uddhavaji says in the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam that the gopis have no civilized or great expressionistic qualities in them but they had acquired pure love for Kṛṣṇa, which is called ‘adhirudha bhava’. Their situation was of pure ‘raganuga bhakti’, pure love for Kṛṣṇathen they had achieved this position of adhirudha bhava, the purest experience of prema. This position even great ṛṣi munis, great saints cannot acquire. If in your heart there is no emotion, no pure emotion for Kṛṣṇa, then all your bhajan is futile and useless. When Lord Kṛṣṇa said to that sadhu “You should return Me to Sādhana Kosai”, the sadhu then went to Sādhana and gave the shaligram to him and said “Please forgive me”. Sādhana said “Why have you come to me?” The sadhu said” This Lord is pleased with you, He wants to live with you, He does not want to live with me. Kṛṣṇa does not like, my Vaiṣṇava qualities, your behavior is greater than my Vaiṣṇava acara.”

There is a similar story in Jagannath Puri, there was an old women named Karmabai who used to feed Lord Jagannath kitcharīwithout taking bath. In the early morning when she used to get up, first she would cook kitcharī for the Lord without taking bath and Lord Jagannath used to go there and eat. He would just run away from the temple and eat her kitcharī. A sadhu, a priest of Lord Jaganatha came and saw this and said “Oh what are you doing, you do not clean your body and you are cooking for Lord Jagannath? This is very bad, you should clean your body you should take bath. You should clean your house and your pots, then you should prepare for Jagannathji”. But when she did this then she became very late in preparing the kitcharī for the Lord. Lord Jagannath came time after time and saw that “Oh she was only cleaning her body, she was scrubbing the pots and she was very late” The Lord would then take His kitcharī at a late time. The Lord then said to His priest, “Tell Karmabai, that she should cook as she had done previously. Explain to her that you should prepare the kitcharī before taking bath and continue as you had done before. There is no need to take bath and to clean the pots and the house. Without cleanliness you should prepare your kitchari!”.

This Sādhana was a very great devotee. He worshipped the same idol of Śrī Shaligram in a previous birth. In this second birth the shaligram came again to him, but in this life he was very simple, but a butcher. Being simple he did not know the importance of the shaligram. In his previous life he was also a great devotee, he would only speak the truth. One time there was a cow that was running away from a butcher who was trying to kill the cow. He asked Sādhana at that time, “Have you seen a cow running by here?” In this life Sādhana had read the books of God regarding truthfulness, so he did not speak but he indicated which direction the cow had gone. The butcher went, caught and killed the cow. Because of this aparādhe, he had to become a butcher in his present life. At that time he should have told a lie, he should have said “ I don’t know where the cow went”, but he spoke the truth and the cow was killed and because of this he himself became a butcher, cutting meat, but even despite this he was filled with devotion towards the Lord, his heart was pure. In the Bhāgavatam it is stated that in some circumstances you should not speak the truth. Even for women also one can tell a lie if there is some calamity, somebody is going to die and for the safety of the cow or devotees and if someone wants to do violence, then in such conditions you should not speak the truth, but should tell a lie. Even if one lies in this situation, there is no sin. Even in joking you can also speak a lie.

While laughing, Lord Rāma even told a lie. When Lord Rāma was in the forest, the sister of Ravana, her name was Suparnaka, she went to Rāma, though a demon, as a very beautiful woman. She said to Rāma “Oh in this world no man is as handsome as you and no women is as beautiful as I am. Lord Brahmā has made such a beautiful couple in this universe, a most handsome man like you and a beautiful woman like me. I could not find a suitable husband for me but when I saw you I thought oh you can be my husband”. She said this as though she was bestowing mercy upon Lord Rāma, saying, “That you can be my husband”. Then LordRāma jokingly replied, “I am married and how can you marry me and live with my wife Sita? But my brother Laxmana, he is unmarried, you should marry him!”. So here Lord Rāma spoke a lie because Laxmana was married, but the Lord said, “He is unmarried then you should marry him”. Lord Rāma did not speak the truth in this situation. Suparnaka thought “This is true, this is good because Rāma is married and his wife is with him, I can not live with him, but Laxmana is not married so I should go to him”. Then she went to Laxmana.(class ends).
Sadhana Kosai Part 2

Priyadasji was a commentator on this book written by Nabaji. [And Now baba is starting to mention the life story of a devotee whose name was Sādhana Kosai, Kosai means ‘a devotee who sells meat’, but he is a devotee. He is so elevated that he is mentioned amongst all the other great devotees of the book, but by profession, he was a butcher. [Sādhana Kosai, this is a very wonderful story] Kosai in Hindi means ‘butcher’, one who kills animals and sells their flesh, extremely lowborn person. They cut cows and other animals. It is a very low class family in a very low class profession. He was born in such a family; there cannot be a more low class family than this. Those who kill cows and other animals, śūdras, caṇḍālas, it is even more fallen than them, but a devotee can be born any where in any situation in any family and such is the story of Sādhana Kosai. There is so much ‘shakti in bhakti’ that you can be born in any condition in any family in any background, but you can actually achieve Kṛṣṇa, such is the shakti and strength of bhakti. So he was born in a butcher family, just like gold is pure in any condition, so even though he took birth in such a low class family, he maintained complete purity in his life style. One should never hate one or think lowly of a devotee because of their past family orientations. This is bhakta aparādhe.

In the Ramayana in the chapter of Śabari, Śabari was a low class woman, but was a great devotee of Kṛṣṇa, a great devotee of Lord Rāma and Rāma actually went to see her and ate the fruit from her hands that she had already placed in her mouth. She was offering those fruits to Lord Rāma and He was gladly eating them, that which was actually bitten and tasted by the mouth of a sudra woman. Lord Rāma said “Only bhakti is the only consideration for Me, only bhakti is important to Me”. Any other consideration is simply zero, whether it is family background, what status you are born in, what education you may have received or what kind of dharma your family has followed. None of these things are any consideration for me, but only bhakti in the persons heart is what really matters.” In the 35th sloka of the Rāmayana in Aranga chapter “Without bhakti the human being is absolutely useless and does not have any beauty”.

Even if you have a very wondrous cloud, so beautifully dark, and it may be very attractive, but if it has no rain, no water, it is useless. Where in the same way one may have a beautiful house, family, and lots of festive activities. The brothers may be very rich and the people have great opulence, and are very influential in society, but if there is no bhakti, then all is useless. This is what Lord Rāma is saying “My relationship with my devotee is only on one point, only bhakti, I consider nothing except ‘bhakti’ in order to establish my sanga with the devotee”. Prahladha Mahārāja in his prayers to Lord Nṛsiṁhadeva mentions in the 7thcanto , 9th chapter, 10th sloka;

manye tad arpita mano vacanehitartha, pranam punati sa kulam na tu bhurimanah

[With regard to the twelve qulaifications] The devotee is better than a brahmana because he can purify his whole family, whereas the so called brāhmaṇa in a position of false prestige can not purify even himself.

These are the siddhāntas of bhakti that are established by different devotees in the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam. One who has money has influence, one who has a very big family back ground, one who has beauty or if one has performed lots of austerities, these twelve items bring opulence to a person, but these 12 things without bhakti are zero. As stated in the sastra, even if one has lots of Vedic knowledge or powerful senses, that the 12 opulences are nullified if there is lack of bhakti. I have mentioned six qualities, ‘tejāḥ’ is seven, some one may be tejāsi(an effulgent person), and the 8th, to have great bodily strength. Then there is intelligence and yoga, these are the twelve items that makes a person extremely powerful, but these things do not help a living entity in progressive ‘ārādhana’ for Kṛṣṇa, rather they can become obstacles in devotional service, so how does Kṛṣṇa become pleased? Prahladha Maharaja mentions, “Money and all these material boons are doorways to hell”. Nothing has to be there, only bhakti must be there.

The example is given of Gajarāja (Gajendra), he was the elephant, a devotee of Kṛṣṇa, who had no money or family background and was born in a low class body. He had no beauty, as a human might have, and as an elephant, he could not do tapasya , he was a bhogi, and he had no knowledge of the Vedas. His senses were not as powerful as the lion. He didn’t have any of the three primary qualities, no effulgence, influence, or bodily strength, which was weakened by fighting with the crocodile. None of these things were there in Grajaraja, but Kṛṣṇa came to him…why? Because he had bhakti, he had devotion to Kṛṣṇa. For one thousand years he fought the crocodile and became completely exhausted. All his friends were there, the she elephants, the boys, the girls, the elephant friends; they all left him and went away. He saw that “I have no help, hundreds of elephants have left me and gone away an I am fighting here alone for 1000 years”. He was completely tired, for he was pulled into the water. The crocodile was not ordinary, he was a gandarva named Huhu, who was cursed to take this form. He was fooling around with a rishi, called Devala rishi and this sadhu gave him a ‘sharpa’, he cursed him to become a crocodile. So the gandarva , he prayed to the rishi, that “I was only joking around with you” And the rishi said “One should never joke around with devotees, my sharpa, my curse can never be taken back, so you will have to become a crocodile, but I bless you that Krsna will come and liberate you from this body. He will cut your neck with his chakra and you will become liberated; this is my blessing”.

This is the shakti of bhakti, that a devotee’s anger and curse turn into a blessing. The elephant became tired after a thousand years of fighting. The elephant was also cursed to be an elephant; he was Indradumnya (not King Indradumnya) who was cursed by Agusta rishi. Indradumnya was doing tapasya and when the rishi came, he did not get up to offer his obeisance’s. It is said that if one does not rise and respect a devotee when he comes to your doorstep, then this is what will happen to you, you will become an elephant. So at that time in such a condition of life, he had no strength, then he finally called for Lord Kṛṣṇa. And so PrahladaMahārāja says “Kṛṣṇa came immediately on the call of Gajarāja because all these qualities in the living entity, they increase the false ego in a devotee, in a living entity but these things when they go away and the living entity calls on Kṛṣṇa without any false ego and then Kṛṣṇa comes to him”…{break …kirtan}

[Rādhā Jivan: His lectures are like that, he inspires bhakti in the heart of the listeners. You know when he speaks if you understand the language, all his lectures are like that. He is like an army soldier, ‘you have to inspire them to go to war’, that’s the way he speaks to uplift the soul. And that is why he cannot cover too many topics. One little topic and he gets stuck on it and he just elaborates on it more and more. I think he speaks for not only us, but for himself a lot. He becomes very involved in what he says. More importantly the real missionary spirit, is to simply become a devotee, not to just spread your ashram or make it big. His mission is to become a devotee, a good devotee.]

Sādhana Kosai used to sell meat. Someone can say that selling meat is not a good thing for a devotee, so why was he selling meat? Kṛṣṇa has mentioned this in the Bhagavad-gītā that whatever activity has been ordained to you through your family traditions, in order for you to maintain your body and soul, then that activity should not be given up. That external activity should be maintained, because that is the parampara coming in your family, not to give that up. Even though there is ‘dosha’ in it, there is fault in it, don’t give that up because whatever new work you will do there is always be dosha or fault, in everything that you do. You can become a teacher, you’ll be scolding your disciples and your students, or maybe even beating them, so there is dosha, but all karma when offered to Kṛṣṇa, that becomes bhakti. Just like for Arjuna, he was killing people in a war, but that became bhakti for Arjuna. Karma is not bad, the intention behind the karma, that is good or bad. If you are doing whatever karma with the intention of doing for Kṛṣṇa, then that is very great. If you are doing it for yourself, for your own sense gratification then that is low class. Now all the time while doing his work he used to remember Kṛṣṇa. And when Kṛṣṇa came to him in the form of a shaligram sila, he was very attached to his sila and he would even use the shaligram as a weight. This shaligram weighed one quarter of a kilo. He would place the shaligram on one side and the ¼ kilo of meat on the other. If somebody said they wanted one kilo of meat, then the saligram would weigh a kilo and if someone wanted a half-kilo then the shaligram would counter by weighing a half-kilo. Here the shaligram is just reciprocating with his devotee.

You can see that Kṛṣṇa is not looking for etiquette because this was the perfection of this sadhu’s spiritual life, to take his shaligram from the altar and to use Him as a weight. Any devotee can say that you are making a great offense, that you are taking Him and using Him as a weight to measure meat, but Kṛṣṇa does not follow any rules and regulations of any sort. From this woman’s mouth, this pera(fruit), she was feeding Lord Rama and He was eating. Even amongst Vaisnava acaryas, in the Vaisanava acaran, Kṛṣṇa doesn’t care as long as the heart is pure. Those who follow too many rules and regulations very strictly, sometimes they commit offenses to other devotees in the binding profile of their being very strict Vaisnavas. So one time another Vaisnava came to Sādhana Kosai and this sadhu saw on one side of the weighing scale was the shaligram and on the other side was meat. That sadhu started to cry. “My dear shaligram how is it that this low class man is keeping you as a weighing machine in a meat shop?” He couldn’t tolerate seeing this and he ran to Sādhana Kosai and he said “My dear friend, what is it that you are doing? Hey, this is the Supreme Personality of Godhead, on this side is meat and on that side is shaligram, how can you be so low class? How can you be such a sinful person”. Then Sādhana Kosai asked “So what should I do Maharaja?” The sadhu then said “You give me the shaligram, you are not fit to worship this deity, this Lord should not stay with you. I will take him. You are giving so much trouble to the Lord. I will give you money and you buy some weights”. Sadhan Kosai gave the shaligram to the sadhu and he was crying and he said “Here you take the Lord”.

The sadhu later began to speak to the shaligram “My dear Lord, when we bathe, we will put some beautiful oils on You and this man is just keeping You in meat shop”. The sadhu bathed the shaligram, welcoming the Lord, putting some nice oils on Him, and offered some nice bhoga and said “I have delivered you from a very sinful man, a butcher”, and he put Him in a bed of flowers for the shaligram to sleep in and he was very happy that “I have taken the Supreme Lord out of hell”. When the sadhu went to sleep, the shaligram came to him in his dreams and said [kirtan] “Hey sadhu take away all this nonsense worship of yours and take me back to my devotee, Sādhana Kosai”. The sadhu then said “What are you saying, I should take you back to that hell?”. The Lord said “Yes take me back there!”. Then he said “My Lord that place is not fit for you. Why is it that you want to go back there?” Thakurji replied “I don’t need your flowers and your beautiful scents and all the foods you offer to me.” “Then what is it that you want?” “I want that devotee who is always chanting my names and who sings beautiful prayers to me, that you don’t have, you do not have that love and devotion that he has, all you have is pancamrita and some flowers for me. I do not stay in Vaikuntha”. As is stated in the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, “I do not stay in the hearts of yogis. When my devotees are chanting my names and dancing, that is where I stay. I do not live in Vaikuntha, I do not live in the hearts of the yogis” Then the sadhu inquired “Then where do you live then?” “Where my devotees are singing, dancing and enjoying, there is where I stay”.

The Lord used to dance with Mirabai, he used to walk and dance with her. Mirabai has written in her poetry that she used to only dance and walk, never walk strait. Here we never have any time for this. [bhajan]

“You do not have any of these songs that Sādhana Kosai has. All the time he used to do Kṛṣṇa kirtan. Right now you take me, I do not want to wait till the morning. Those songs that Sādhana Kosai sings for Me, that kirtan that he does for me, that is what I love, that is what I enjoy, that is my ‘aradhana’. SO YOU TAKE ME RIGHT NOW TONIGHT, I don’t want to wait till the morning. I don’t want your pancamrita and flowers, I want Sādhana Kosai”. Tomorrow we will not wait to go, ‘chalo’, lets go now”.

Adapted from: Bhaktamal: The Garland of Devotees
Courtesy: Ramesh Baba, Barsana, http://www.brajdhamsewa.org/

Friday, March 9, 2012

Sri Yamunacharya’s debate

Sri Yamunacharya’s debate

In the south of India many great devotees have appeared to spread the glories of the Lord. Of all these devotees, perhaps the most famous is Sri Ramanujacarya. However, just before Ramanuja there lived another great Vaisnava whose life and teachings had a tremendous influence on Ramanuja. This was Sri Yamunacarya, also known as Alabandara – “The Conqueror.”
Yamunacarya was born around AD 918 in the city of Madurai in south India, which was then the capital of the mighty Pandya kings. After the untimely death of his father, Yamunacarya was left to be brought up by his mother and aged grandmother, living a life of great poverty.

THE CHALLENGE

When he was five years old, Yamunacarya went to study at the school of  Bhasyacarya and quickly won his teacher’s affection, both for his sweet nature and his ability to learn quickly. He studied hard, and by the time he was twelve years old he was Bhasyacarya’s best student.
In those days in India, great scholars used to challenge one another to see who was the more learned in Vedic scriptures and more skilled in the science of logic. While Yamunacarya was studying at the school of Bhasyacarya, there was a great scholar who lived at the court of the Pandya king. His name was Kolahala, and he was a great favorite of the king because he could defeat any other scholar in a debate. In fact, the king had passed a law decreeing that every scholar who had been defeated by Kolahala must pay a tax to him every year – if anyone refused he would be put to death.
Now Yamunacarya’s teacher, Bhasyacarya, had also been defeated by Kolahala, and so he too was obliged to pay this tax. However, because he was a very poor man, he had not been able to pay for the past two years. One day, when Bhasyacarya was away on business and all the other students had gone home, Yamunacarya was left alone in the school. At that time one of Kolahala’s disciples came there to collect the overdue tax from Bhasyacarya.
“Where is your teacher?” he demanded in imperious tones when he saw that Yamunacarya was alone in the school.
“Might I know, sir, who has sent you here?” replied Yamunacarya in a very gentle voice, anxious not to give any offense.
“What!” exclaimed the disciple, “do you not know that I am a disciple of the greatest and most erudite scholar in all of India? Kolahala is the terror of all other scholars, and even the great Pandya king is his obedient servant. All those scholars defeated by the great Kolahala must pay a yearly tax or else forfeit their lives. Has your teacher become insane that he dares to withhold payment for two years? Or is it that he intends to challenge my master again, just as a moth rushes into a blazing fire.”
Yamunacarya was by nature very kindhearted, and he hardly ever quarreled with his fellow students. However, he also had great love and respect for his teacher. Therefore, when he heard Bhasyacarya being spoken of in that contemptuous manner, he felt such pain at heart that he could not restrain himself and replied very strongly to Kolahala’s messenger. “How foolish you are and how foolish your teacher is as well, for who but the greatest fool would  train his disciple to possess such monumental pride, instead of removing such qualities from his heart. Why should my noble teacher waste his time debating with such a man? Go and tell your master that the lowest disciple of the great Bhasyacarya challenges him to a debate. If  he dares to face me, let him send his reply at once.”

PREPARATIONS FOR THE DEBATE

Kolahala’s disciple was so astonished and indignant that he could not think of anything to say, but left in a furious rage to inform his teacher of this insult. When Kolahala heard what had happened, he could not help but laugh on hearing the age of his rival. The Pandya king decided to send another messenger to the boy to see whether he was insane, and, if he was serious about the debate, to bring him immediately. When the royal messenger came and told Yamunacarya of the king’s command, the boy replied, “I will certainly obey the command of his majesty the king; but if I am to be accepted as a proper opponent of the great Kolahala, then surely a conveyance should be sent to bring me to the palace”
After discussing Yamunacarya’s reply, the king and his courtiers agreed that the boy’s statement was fitting and sent a costly palanquin and one-hundred soldiers to conduct him to the palace. In the meantime news of these events had spread all over the city of Madurai, and Bhasyacarya heard the whole story as he was returning home. He was very unhappy to learn of the danger his favorite student was facing, for though the king was generous by nature, it was well known that he dealt very severely with anyone who insulted the court pandita.
Yamunacarya, however, was not in the least concerned. “There is no reason, revered sir, for you to be alarmed,” he consoled his teacher when he returned to the school, “for you can be certain that, by your grace, I will smash the pride of Kolahala.”
While they were thus talking, the king’s men arrived at the school with the palanquin. Yamunacarya worshipped the feet of his guru and calmly climbed into the palanquin, preparing himself for the great debate that was about to take place. A large crowd of people had gathered along the way, for it was unheard of that a twelve-year-old boy should challenge the court pandita and everyone wanted to catch a glimpse of the wonderful child. The brahmanas, many of whom had already been defeated by Kolahala, offered him blessings, saying, “May you defeat this insolent pandita, just as Visnu in the form of a dwarf brahmana displaced Bali Maharaja, the king of the asuras.”
Meanwhile, in the royal court a difference of opinion arose between the king and queen about Yamunacarya. The king said, “Just as a cat plays with a mouse, so will Kolahala defeat and destroy the boy”. But the queen was more thoughtful, realizing that Yamunacarya was no ordinary child. “Just as a small spark,” she said, “can turn a mountain of cloth to ashes, so will this boy destroy the mountain-like pride of Kolahala.”
“How can you really believe that this is possible?” exclaimed the king in amazement. “If you truly have faith in the child, then you must make a wager to back your words”. “Very well,” replied the queen, “I will make a wager. If the boy does not defeat and humble the proud Kolahala, I will become the servant of your maidservant.”
“This is certainly a mighty wager,” said the king, “but I will match it. If the boy defeats Kolahala, as you say, then I will give him half of my kingdom.” While the king and queen were thus exchanging wagers, the palanquin arrived and Yamunacarya entered the palace. When Kolahala saw him, he looked at the queen and smiled sarcastically. “Ala-bandara,” he said, meaning, “Is this the boy who will conquer me?”
“Yes,” replied the queen quietly, “Ala-bandara. This is he who has come to conquer you.”

THE  CONTEST

When the contestants were seated, Kolahala began the debate by putting simple questions on Sanskrit grammar to Yamunacarya. When, however, he found the boy could answer them with ease, he began to pose really difficult grammatical problems; but still, Yamunacarya replied to them all without difficulty.
He then spoke to the great pandita with a playful smile on his lips. “Because I am just a boy, you are insulting me by asking these simple questions. Remember that Astavakra was no older than myself when he defeated Bandi at the court of King Janaka. If you judge a person’s  learning by his size, then surely it follows that the water buffalo will be a greater scholar than yourself.”
Although Kolahala winced at these words, he controlled his anger and replied smilingly, “Well answered. Now it is your turn to put questions to me”.
“Very well,” Yamunacarya responded, “I will put three propositions before you, and, if you can refute them, I shall accept defeat.” Kolahala agreed and prepared to refute Yamunacarya’s statements. “My first proposition is this,” Yamunacarya spoke out clearly and boldly, “that your mother is not a barren woman. Refute this if you can.”
Hearing this, Kolahala remained silent. “Had my mother been barren, my birth would not have been possible,” he thought. “How can I refute his statement” Seeing Kolahala as silent as a dumb man, all the courtiers were astonished. Although the great pandita tried to conceal his anxiety, he could not prevent a flush from crossing his cheeks.
Yamunacarya spoke again, “Sir, if in spite of your all-conquering intelligence you are unable to refute my first proposition, then please hear my second. It is this, that the Pandya king is supremely righteous. Refute this if you can.” On hearing this Kolahala, was deeply disturbed, sensing his imminent defeat. With the king seated there in front of him, how could he deny the boy’s statement? Again he remained silent, the color draining from his face as he was scarcely able to control his anger.
Yamunacarya spoke again, “Here is my third proposition-that the queen of the Pandya king is as chaste and faithful to her husband as was Savitri. Refute this if you can.”
Seeing how he had once again been trapped by the intelligent boy, Kolahala could no longer restrain his anger. “You rascal,” he screamed, “how can any loyal subject say that his king is unrighteous or his queen unfaithful to her husband? It is true I have not replied to your statements, but that does not mean I am defeated. First you must refute your own propositions, and, if you cannot, you should be put to death, for the implications of your words are treason against your king and queen.”
When Kolahala shouted out these words, all his disciples and supporters cheered; but all those who favored Yamunacarya cried, “No, Kolahala is defeated. He is simply letting forth his anger, because he could not refute the statements of Yamunacarya as he promised to do.”
Thus an argument broke out in the palace, but in the midst of the contention Yamunacarya quieted them all by saying, “Please stop this argument, for it is unnecessary. I shall refute all my propositions one by one. Please hear me” At this everyone fell silent and turned their attention to Yamunacarya, wondering how he could possibly do this and yet not offend the king and queen.
“My first statement,” he continued, “was that our great pandita’s mother was not a barren woman. However, it is stated in the Manusamhita that a woman who has only one child is to be considered barren. As your mother gave birth to only one son, even though he is a man of such merit as yourself, according to the sastra, she must be considered barren.  Secondly, I stated that the king of the Pandyas is a most righteous man. However, the Manu’ samhita states that a king enjoys the benefit of one sixth of the religious acts of his subjects, but also has to bear the burden of one sixth of their sinful deeds. Because in the present age of Kali men are more prone toward sinfulness than piety, it must follow that our king, although flawless in his own character, is bearing a heavy burden of unrighteousness. And now to my third proposition, which stated that our queen is as chaste and faithful as was Savitri. But again, if we consult the laws of Manu, it is said that the king is the representative of Agni, Vayu, Surya, Candra, Yama, Kuvera, Varuna, and Indra. Therefore, the queen is married not just to one man, but to these eight demigods as well. So how can it be said that she is chaste?”
On hearing these wonderful answers, all the people were filled with amazement and the queen joyfully cried out, “Alabandara! Alabandara!- He has conquered! He has conquered!”
The king immediately came forward and embraced Yamunacarya. “Just as on the rising of the sun,” he said, “all the insignificant stars fade away, so you, 0 learned Alabandara, have conquered the proud Kolahala by your learning and skill. This fellow just a short while ago was demanding your death, now you may deal with him as you see fit. I have also promised to give you half my kingdom as a prize for this victory, and that promise I will certainly fulfill.”
Of course, Yamunacarya forgave Kolahala, and, although he was but a boy of twelve years, he began at once to rule the kingdom he had won. Thus his days of poverty were over.
Courtesy: wordpress.com

Wednesday, March 7, 2012

Yaksha - Yudhisthira Samvada


Yudhisthira's Enlightening Answers to the 
Questions of Yaksha - III

Mahabharata - Aranyaka Parva Adhyaya - Araneya Parva


This episode is found in the Aranya Parva of the epic, the Mahabharata. The sons of Pandu along with their wife Draupadi are nearing the end of their twelve-year exile in forests. They are due to begin the thirteenth and final year, which they are required to spend undiscovered.
In ancient days, it was the practice of certain brahmins to do homas and havanas as a part of their daily rituals and worship. One of the most essential tools needed in this practice is, of course, the device that can generate fire. This consists of two wooden pieces, a rod and a bow, the latter producing a churning action of the rod supported on a firm base of stone or wood. The churning action results in friction and heat at the support and any fibrous material at the base of the support catches fire, ready for use in a ritual.
One day one such brahmin, an agnihotri, came rushing to the Pandavas and begged for help. He had, it seems, hung the fire-drilling sticks in a tree. A passing stag happened to stop and rub his body on the trunk of this tree and, in the process, the sticks got entangled in the articulated horns of the animal. The stag fled, struggling in vain to rid himself of this unwanted burden; and the more he shook his head, the more firmly did the fire-sticks get wedged in his antlers. The poor brahmin now wanted the Pandavas to pursue the fleeing animal and recover the sticks.
The Pandavas believed that it was the duty of kshatriyas to provide any and all help and protection to those who practiced their dharma. Therefore they proceeded forthwith fully armed in pursuit of the stag. While they soon caught sight of the stag, their attempts to stop the animal failed and more running and more huffmg and puffing ended in the tiring of the party. Not only had the quest failed, they ended up hungry, thirsty, tired, angry and frustrated.
The brothers sat down finally to rest under the cool shade of a large tree and naturally began to fret over the outcome of this relatively simple, uncomplicated task. Greater battles with their cousins lay ahead of them and yet they had not been able to help a brahmin even in such simple circumstances. Yudhishthira instructed Nakula to climb a tree nearby to locate any sources of water in the vicinity so that they could quench their thirst. Nakula did so and informed Yudhishthira that there was indeed a cluster of trees not too far off and that he could hear the cries of water cranes. Yudhishthira suggested that Nakula go to the pond and fetch some
water in a quiver.

Nakula, after walking a short distance, located a beautiful spot, a crystal clear lake, surrounded by trees, flowers and birds. Nakula was overjoyed. His first instinct was to enjoy a cool drink himself, as long as he was already there. So he descended to the waters edge and prepared to scoop up some refreshing water. As he was about to do so he heard a strong and clear voice of warning:
"Ma tata sahasam karshirmama purva parigrahah prashnanuktva tu madreya pibasva ca harasva ca"



"Do not dare to touch that water, my dear child. You must first answer my questions. . ."

Nakula thought that he must be hearing things due to sheer fatigue and so he ignored the warning, drank the water and immediately fell dead.
When Nakula did not return within a reasonable time, Yudhishthira suggested that Sahadeva go and take a look at what was delaying him. Sahadeva arrived on the scene and was shocked to see Nakula lying as though asleep. Before doing anything, he thought he could quench his thirst. He heard the same warning, ignored it and, upon attempting to drink, also fell dead.
Now it was Arjuna's turn to determine what had happened. He proceeded with his Gandiva bow in his hand, suspecting some trouble. Upon arriving at the lake he was stunned to see his brothers lying as though dead. Again, he tried to quench his thirst and heard the same warning. But Arjuna did not ignore the warning. Instead he challenged the being to show himself and shot several arrows in the direction from which the voice came. He only received further and more stern warning. Arjuna challenged the voice by saying, "Stop me if you can," proceeded to drink the water and fell down dead. Some short time later, Bhima arrived and had the same fate.
Now Yudhishthira was clearly worried. Wondering about the possibilities of harm befalling his dear and powerful brothers, he decided to go in search of them. When he arrived at the lake, he could not believe the dreadful sight before him. All four brothers dead on the ground! Yudhishthira sat beside them and lamented. All his hopes were shattered now. How would he ever be able to recover his lost kingdom without the help of his able, powerful brothers? He grieved for a while and then began to look around to determine the reason for these deaths. He said to himself,
"Naisham shastra praharos ti padam nehasti kasyacit bhutam mahadidam manye

bhrataro yena me hatah"


(There are no signs of violence on their bodies, no foot-prints anywhere. The

killer must be a supernatural being.)

He wondered if Duryodhana had had the pool poisoned. He ruled it out because the faces of the dead brothers looked calm and serene. Convincing himself that it must have been some supernatural being, he approached the water's edge to fetch some water to begin the last rites for his brothers. Then he heard a sudden voice: "Tavanujah maya preta vasham nita. . . (I am the cause of your brothers' death), Na chet prashnan prcchato vyakaroshi tvam pancamo bhavita. . . . (You shall be the fifth victim if you do not answer my questions. . . .)"
Yudhishthira asked, "Who are you? Are you a rudra, vasu, or marut? You must be strong to be able to put to death these powerful brothers of mine. Your feat is remarkable because neither gods, antigods, gandharvas nor rakshasas could stand up to my brothers. But why? What do you want? Noble one! Why are you here? Who are you?"
The voice replied: "I am a Yaksha, Yudhishthira. May you prosper." As he heard these words, Yudhishthira saw before his eyes a form developing. A massive tall body with grotesque eyes, burning like the fire of the sun, and a voice like thunder: "I warned your brothers. But they would not listen to me. So now they are dead. This pool belongs to me and unless you answer my questions you shall not even touch this water."
Yudhishthira replied, "Na caham karnaye yaksha tava purva parigraham (I have no desire to take what is yours), "Yatha prajnam tu te prashnan prati vakshyami prccha mam (Ask me and I will answer as best as I can)."
The Yaksha then said, What is it that makes the Sun rise? Who keeps him company? Who causes him to set? And in whom is he established?
Yudhishthira answered, Brahma makes the Sun rise: the gods keep him company: Dharma causes him to set: and he is established in truth.
The Yaksha asked, By what does one become learned? By what does he attain what is very great? How can one have a second? And, O king, how can one acquire ntelligence?
Yudhishthira answered, It is by the Srutis that a person becomes learned; it is by ascetic austerities that one acquires what is very great: it is by intelligence that a person acquires a second and it is by serving the old that one becomes wise.
The Yaksha asked, What constitutes the divinity of the Brahmanas? What even is
their practice that is like that of the pious? What also is the human attribute of the Brahmanas? And what practice of theirs is like that of the impious?
Yudhishthira answered, The study of the Vedasconstitutes their divinity: their asceticism constitutes behaviour that is like that of the pious; their liability to death is their human attribute and slander is their impiety.
The Yaksha asked, What institutes the divinity of the Kshatriyas? What even is their practice that is like that of the pious? What is their human attribute? And
what practice of theirs is like that of the impious?
Yudhishthira answered, Arrows and weapons are their divinity: celebration of sacrifices is that act which is like that of the pious: liability to fear is their
human attribute; and refusal of protection is that act of theirs which is like that of the impious.
The Yaksha asked, What is that which constitutes theSama of the sacrifice? What the Yajus of the sacrifice? What is that which is the refuge of a sacrifice? And what is that which sacrifice cannot do without?
Yudhishthira answered, Life is the Sama of the sacrifice; the mind is the Yajus of the sacrifice: the Rikis that which is the refuge of
the sacrifice; and it is Rik alone which sacrifice cannot do without.
The Yaksha asked, What is of the foremost value to those that cultivate? What is of the foremost value to those that sow? What is of the foremost value to those that wish for prosperity in this world? And what is of the foremost value to those
that bring forth?
Yudhishthira answered, That which is of the foremost value to those that cultivate is rain: that of the foremost value to those that sow is seed: that of the foremost value to those that bring forth is offspring.
The Yaksha asked, What person, enjoying all the objects of the senses, endued with intelligence, regarded by the world and liked by all beings, though breathing,
is not yet alive?
Yudhishthira answered, The person, who does not offer anything to these five, viz., gods, guests, servants,Pitris, and himself, though endued with breath, is not yet alive.
The Yaksha asked, What is weightier than the earth itself? What is higher than the heavens?' What is fleeter than the wind? And what is more numerous than grass?
Yudhishthira answered, The mother is weightier than the earth; the father is higher than the heaven; the mind is fleeter than the wind; and our thoughts are
more numerous than grass.
The Yaksha asked, What is that which does not close its eyes while asleep; What is that which does not move after birth? What is that which is without heart? And what is that which swells with its own impetus?
Yudhishthira answered, A fish does not close its eyes while asleep: an egg does not move after birth: a stone is without heart: and a river swells with its own impetus.
The Yaksha asked, Who is the friend of the exile? Who is the friend of the householder? Who is the friend of him that ails? And who is the friend of one about to die?
Yudhishthira answered, The friend of the exile in a distant land is his companion, the friend of the householder is the wife; the friend of him that ails is the physician: and the friend of him about to die is charity.
The Yaksha asked, Who is the guest of all creatures? What is the eternal duty? What, O foremost of kings, isAmrita? And what is this entire Universe?
Yudhishthira answered, Agni is the guest of all creatures: the milk of cows is amrita: Homa is the eternal duty: and this Universe consists of air alone.
The Yaksha asked, What is that which sojourns alone? What is that which is re-born after its birth? What is the remedy against cold? And what is the largest field?
Yudhishthira answered, The sun sojourns alone; the moon takes birth anew: fire is the remedy against cold: and the Earth is the largest field.
The Yaksha asked, What is the highest refuge of virtue? What of fame? What of heaven? And what, of happiness?
Yudhishthira answered, Liberality is the highest refuge of virtue: gift, of fame:
truth, of heaven: and good behaviour, of happiness.
The Yaksha asked, What is the soul of man? Who is that friend bestowed on man by the gods? What is man's chief support? And what also is his chief refuge?
Yudhishthira answered, The son is a man's soul: the wife is the friend bestowed on man by the gods; the clouds are his chief support; and gift is his chief refuge.
The Yaksha asked, What is the best of all laudable things? What is the most valuable of all his possessions? What is the best of all gains? And what is the best of all kinds of happiness?
Yudhishthira answered, The best of all laudable things is skill; the best of all possessions is knowledge: the best of all gains is health: and contentment is the best of all kinds of happiness.
The Yaksha asked, What is the highest duty in the world? What is that virtue which always bears fruit? What is that which if controlled, leads not to regret? And who are they with whom an alliance cannot break?
Yudhishthira answered, The highest of duties is to refrain from injury: the rites ordained in the Three(Vedas) always bear fruit: the mind, if controlled, leads to no regret: and an alliance with the good never breaks.
The Yaksha asked, What is that which, if renounced, makes one agreeable? What is that which, if renounced, leads to no regret? What is that which, if renounced, makes one wealthy? And what is that which if renounced, makes one happy?
Yudhishthira answered, Pride, if renounced, makes one agreeable; wrath, if nounced
leads to no regret: desire, if renounced, makes one wealthy: and avarice, if renounced, makes one happy.
The Yaksha asked, For what does one give away to Brahmanas? For what to mimes and dancers? For what to servants? And for what to king?
Yudhishthira answered, It is for religious merit that one gives away to Brahmanas: it is for fame that one gives away to mimes and dancers: it is for supporting them that one gives away to servants: and it is for obtaining relief from fear that one gives to kings.
The Yaksha asked, With what is the world enveloped? What is that owing to which a thing cannot discover itself? For what are friends forsaken? And for what does one fail to go to heaven?
Yudhishthira answered, The world is enveloped with darkness. Darkness does not permit a thing to show itself. It is from avarice that friends are forsaken. And it is connection with the world for which one fails to go to heaven.
The Yaksha asked, For what may one be considered as dead? For what may a kingdom be considered as dead? For what may a Sraddha be considered as dead? And for what, a sacrifice?
Yudhishthira answered, For want of wealth may a man be regarded as dead. A kingdom for want of a king may be regarded as dead. A Sraddha that is performed with the aid of a priest that has no learning may be regarded as dead. And a sacrifice
in which there are no gifts to Brahmanas is dead.
The Yaksha asked,--'What constitutes the way? What, has been spoken of as water? that, as food? And what, as poison? Tell us also what is the proper time of a Sraddha, and then drink and take away as much as you liked!
Yudhishthira answered, They that are good constitute the way. Space has been spoken of as water. The cow is food. A request is poison. And a Brahmana is regarded as the proper time of a Sraddha. I do not know what you may think of all
this, O Yaksha?
The Yaksha asked, What has been said to be the sign of asceticism? And what is true restraint? What constitutes forgiveness. And what is shame?
Yudhishthira answered, Staying in one's own religion is asceticism: the restraint of the mind is of all restraints the true one: forgiveness consists in enduring enmity; and shame, in withdrawing from all unworthy acts.
The Yaksha asked, What, O king is said to be knowledge? What, tranquility? What constitutes mercy? And what has been called simplicity?
Yudhishthira answered, True knowledge is that of Divinity. True tranquility is that of the heart. Mercy consists in wishing happiness to all. And simplicity is equanimity of heart.
The Yaksha asked, What enemy is invincible? What constitutes an incurable disease for man? What sort of a man is called honest and what dishonest?
Yudhishthira answered, Anger is an invincible enemy. Covetousness constitutes an incurable disease. He is honest that desires the weal of all creatures, and he is dishonest who is unmerciful.
The Yaksha asked, What, O king, is ignorance? And what is pride? What also is to be understood by idleness? And what has been spoken of as grief?
Yudhishthira answered, True ignorance consists in not knowing one's duties. Pride is a consciousness of one's being himself an actor or sufferer in life. Idleness consists in not discharging one's duties, and ignorance in grief.
The Yaksha asked, What has steadiness been said by the Rishis to be? And what, patience? What also is a real ablution? And what is charity?
Yudhishthira answered, Steadiness consists in one's staying in one's own religion, and true patience consists in the subjugation of the senses. A true bath consists in washing the mind clean of all impurities, and charity consists in protecting all creatures.
The Yaksha asked, What man should be regarded as learned, and who should be called an atheist? Who also is to be called ignorant? What is called desire and what are the sources of desire? And what is envy?
Yudhishthira answered, He is to be called learned who knows his duties. An atheist is he who is ignorant and so also he is ignorant who is an atheist. Desire is due to objects of possession, and envy is nothing else than grief of heart.
The Yaksha asked, What is pride, and what is hypocrisy? What is the grace of the gods, and what is wickedness?
Yudhishthira answered, Stolid ignorance is pride. The setting up of a religious standard is hypocrisy. The grace of the gods is the fruit of our gifts, and wickedness consists in speaking ill of others.
The Yaksha asked, Virtue, profit, and desire are opposed to one another. How could things thus antagonistic to one another exist together?
Yudhishthira answered, When a wife and virtue agree with each other, then all the three you have mentioned may exist together.
The Yaksha asked, Who is he that is condemned to everlasting hell? It behooves you to soon answer the question that I ask!
Yudhishthira answered, He that summons a poor Brahmana promising to make him a gift and then tells him that he has nothing to give, goes to everlasting hell. He also must go to everlasting hell, who imputes falsehood to the Vedas, the scriptures, the Brahmanas, the gods, and the ceremonies in honour of the Pitris, He also goes to everlasting hell who though in possession of wealth, never gives away nor enjoys himself from avarice, saying, he has none.
The Yaksha asked, By what, O king, birth, behaviour, study, or learning does a person become a Brahmana? Tell us with certitude!
Yudhishthira answered, Listen, O Yaksha! It is neither birth, nor study, nor learning, that is the cause ofBrahmanahood, without doubt, it is behaviour that constitutes it. One's behaviour should always be well-guarded, especially by a Brahmana. He who maintains his conduct unimpaired, is never impaired himself. Professors and pupils, in fact, all who study the scriptures, if addicted to wicked habits, are to be regarded as illiterate wretches. He only is learned who performs his religious duties. He even that has studied the four Vedas is to be regarded as a wicked wretch scarcely distinguishable from a Sudra (if his conduct be not correct). He only who performs the Agnihotra and has his senses under control, is called a Brahmana!
The Yaksha asked, What does one gain that speaks agreeable words? What does he gain that always acts with judgment? What does he gain that has many friends? And what he, that is devoted to virtue?
Yudhishthira answered, He that speaks agreeable words becomes agreeable to all. He that acts with judgment obtains whatever he seeks. He that has many friends lives happily. And he that is devoted to virtue obtains a happy state (in the next world).
The Yaksha asked, Who is truly happy? What is most wonderful? What is the path? And what is the news? Answer these four questions of mine and let your dead brothers revive.
Yudhishthira answered, O amphibious creature, a man who cooks in his own house, on the fifth or the sixth part of the day, with scanty vegetables, but who is not in debt and who stirs not from home, is truly happy. Day after day countless creatures are going to the abode of Yama, yet those that remain behind believe themselves to be immortal. What can be more wonderful than this? Argument leads to no certain conclusion, the Srutis are different from one another; there is not even one Rishiwhose opinion can be accepted by all; the truth about religion and duty is hid in caves: therefore, that alone is the path along which the great have trod. This world full of ignorance is like a pan. The sun is fire, the days and nights are fuel. The months and the seasons constitute the wooden ladle. Time is the cook that is cooking all creatures in that pan (with such aids); this is the news.
The Yaksha asked, You have, O repressor of foes, truly answered all my questions! Tell us now who is truly a man, and what man truly possesses every kind of wealth.
Yudhishthira answered, The report of one's good action reaches heaven and spreads over the earth. As long as that report lasts, so long is a person to whom the agreeable and the disagreeable, weal and woe, the past and the future, are the same, is said to possess every kind of wealth.
The Yaksha said, You have, O king truly answered who is a man, and what man possesses every kind of wealth. Therefore, let one only among your brothers, whom you may wish, get up with life!
Yudhishthira answered, Let this one that is of darkish hue, whose eyes are red, who is tall like a large Salatree, whose chest is broad and arms long, let this Nakula, O Yaksha, get up with life!
The Yaksha rejoined, This Bhimasena is dear unto you, and this Arjuna also is one upon whom all of you depend! Why, then, O king do you, wish a step-brother to get up with his life! How can you, forsaking Bhima whose strength is equal to that of ten thousand elephants, wish Nakula to live? People said that this Bhima was dear to you. From what motive then do you wish a step-brother to revive? Forsaking Arjuna the might of whose arm is worshipped by all the sons of Pandu, why do you wish Nakula to revive?
Yudhishthira said, If virtue is sacrificed, he that sacrifices it, is himself lost. So virtue also cherishes the cherisher. Therefore taking care that virtue by being sacrificed may not sacrifice us, I never forsake virtue. Abstention from injury is the highest virtue, and is, I ween, even higher than the highest object of attainment. I endeavour to practise that virtue. Therefore, let Nakula, O Yaksha, revive! Let men know that the king is always virtuous! I will never depart from my duty. Let Nakula, therefore, revive! My father had two wives, Kunti and Madri. Let both of them have children. This is what I wish. As Kunti is to me, so also is Madri. There is no difference between them in my eye. I desire to act equally towards my mothers. Therefore, let Nakula live?
The Yaksha said, Since abstention from injury is regarded by you as higher than both profit and pleasure, therefore, let all your brothers live..!